• Environmental audiology
   > Noise induced hearing loss
      - sources of noises
      - sensitivity loss (TTS, PTS)
      - individual susceptibility
      - interaction of noise and other agents (vibration, chemicals, ageing etc.)
      - tinnitus
      - acute acoustic trauma
   > Extra-auditory effects of noise (basics)
      - sources
   > Speech interference
      - hearing loss
      - noise level/spectrum
      - reverberation
      - language issues (native/non-native, redundancy)
   > Management
      - current standards for noise exposure
      - counselling
      - hearing conservation programmes (monitoring of hearing)
      - hearing protectors

• Psychosocial audiology and educational issues:
   > Linguistics
      - phonology
   > Phonetics
      - speech perception, including second language
   > Normal/abnormal speech and language development
      - augmentative and alternative communication
   > Psychology
      - learning theories
      - consequences of ageing
      - crisis theory
      - cognitive development
      - emotional development
      - psychological aspects of hearing impairment
      - psychological aspects of deafness
      - coping strategies
   > Crisis management
   > Psychosocial sequelae of hearing disorders
   > Understanding of educational systems and techniques
      - special education/pedagogy for children and adults
      - educational options available
   > Auditory training
      - vigilance/detection (awareness of the presence/absence of sounds, continuing
        attention to a sound)
      - discrimination (human voices, environmental sounds, rhythms)
      - recognition (environmental sounds, human voices, speech)
      - comprehension (smaller and larger speech segments, ideas, contents of
        messages)
   > Speech reading and communication training
      - hearing tactics and communication skills
      - visual and tactile training
      - use of devices